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Development of Drama in Neo-classicism.
Prepared by: Richa Pandya
M.A. English Semester – 1
Roll no- 38
Enrolment No: – 206910842019003
Email
id: richapandya163@gmail.com
Batch: 2018- 20
Submitted to: S. B. Gardi Department of English, MKBU
Paper no-2 The Neo-classical Literature
Topic:
Development of drama in neo-classical age
Neo-classical
age known as a Augustan age. It was in 1700 – 1800 during this time this age
develop. Neo- classicism means,
“The revival of a classical
style or Treatment in art
Literature, Architecture, or
Music.”
Neo-classicism
born in ‘Rome’. Drama and Novel are same but in that some different in Novel is
written in basic prose and Drama written in Dialogue. In that similar thing is
character, plot, setting etc. Drama
means according to our Oxford dictionaries,
“A play for theatre, radio, or television,
Or plays and acting generally”
Drama is the
specific mode of fiction represented in performance a play, opera, mime,
ballet, etc, performance in a theatre, or on radio or television. This age is
movement against too much use of individualism and imagination in literature.
The violation of classical rules and regulation. Dramatic mode has been contrasted with the
epic and the lyrical modes ever since Aristotle’s poetics the earliest work of
dramatic theory. The word drama come from the Greek word its meaning “Action”.
Neoclassicism
name to given to western movement in the literature, music, decorative and
visual arts, theatre and architecture that draw inspiration from classical art
and culture of classical antiquity. This age broken into three part. These
three were,
1. The restoration period
2. The Augustan age
3. The age of Johnson
Neo- classical age known as ‘Augustan Age’. During
18th century Drama steadily declined. In this age three main
figures,
1.
John
Dryden
2.
Alexander
pope
3.
Samuel
Johnson
Only some of remarkable dramatists shone out
during this age. Goldsmith and Sheridan were two prominent figures to who
continued to drama. They enrich dramatic literature by their productions.
*Characteristics of neoclassical
· Neo classical literature was defined
by common sense, order, accuracy and structure.
· Their character also practiced
conservation, self-control and restraint.
· A large number of literary works came
out during this period which included parody, rhyming with cuplates satire,
letters novels, diaries and essay.
*Influence of the classics
· Writers looked back to the ideals and
art forms of classical times.
· Political and socials affairs too
they were guided by the wisdom of the past
*The classical values
· The neoclassicists emphasis upon the
classical value of objectivity, impersonality, rationality.
*Nature of Literature
· The neoclassical writers reaffirmed
literary composition as a rational and rule-bound process, requiring a great
deal of craft , labor and study.
· Gave more importance to social needs
as compared to individual needs.
· They believed that men can find
meaning in society, religion, naturel order Government and literature.
*Imitation and Nature
1.
Two
of the concepts central to neoclassical literary theory and practice were
intimately related.
Imation
The imitation of classical models, especially homer and vergil.
Nature
The harmonious and hierarchical order of the universe, including the
various social and political hierarchies within the world.
Nature had a
deep moral significance, comprehending the modes of action that were
permissible and excluding certain action as “unnatural”.
Development
of drama
In this
development of drama two things are most important they are types of comedy 1.
Sentimental comedy & 2. Heroic Drama
*In the 1800, in Britain a new form of
drama emerged, known as the sentimental comedy of 18th century was,
in fact , a reaction against the ‘comedy of manners’ which was popular during
the ‘Restoration Period’. Comedy of manners was characterized by light hearted
fun, rude and severe dialogues. The aim of the writers of comedy of manners was
to make fun of holy characters.
Middle-class morality was ridiculed and the
writers made attempt to bring virtue and virtuous characters were satirized.
The sentimental comedy lacked true spirit of comedy, comparatively.
*Characteristic
Humour Was replaced
by pathos and humorous situation in
pathetic situations.
The writers
of sentimental comedy were moralists and wanted to reach morals through the
medium of their plays.
The dialogue
were neither sever nor sparkling.
It drove out
genuine comedy from the English stage.
It awakened
tears instead of laughter.
Its
character were not real men and women, but production of minds of playwright
*Heroic
Drama
Heroic tragedy was also called “heroic Drama”,
but Dryden , the main supporter of Tragedy called it “Heroic Drama” these plays
were written in the classical model of the rhymed heroic couplet and later in
black verse tragedy. This tragedy was only near tragedy. The theme of the
heroic plays was based on the struggle between love and honour, the hero and
heroine were cast on the grand scale and their dialogues consisted of elaborate
speeches, in rhymed 10-syllabled couplets, full of emotional and bombastic of
such kind that its parallel would not be found.
*Neoclassical
Dramatists
1.
Oliver
Goldsmith
5.
Hugh
Kelly
6.
Centlivre
7.
Richard
Cumberland
1.Oliver Goldsmith
He was born in 10 november 1730 in kilkenny
west, country Westmeath. Ira. He was poet, novelist, dramatic, essayist,
Anglo-Irish and eccentric. He was famous for his work. His unhappy years as an
undergratude at trinity college , Dublin. The first period of his life ended
with his arrival in London , bedraggle and penniless. Goldsmith established
himself as an essayist with his citizen of the world .
Work
As a poet The traveller the first work to
which he put his name. The reputation with the more famous Deserted village
which contain charming vignetters of rural life.
His works
The Deserted
village
The vicar of
Wakefield
The Good-Natur’d
Man
The Hermit
The citizen
of the world
She stoops
to conquer
Richard Brinsley
Sheridan
He was born in 30 October 1751. Sheridan was
an Irish satirist , Play writer , and long- term owner of the London Theatre
Royal, Drury Lane . Sheridan entered in Parliament in 1787. He is known for his
plays such as,
The Rivals
The School
for Scandal
The Duenna
A trip to
scarborough
His most famous work ‘The School for
Scandal’is considered one of the greatest ‘Comedies of Manner’in English. He
also wrote a selection of poem and
political Speeches during his time in Parliament. His life divided in Four part
or year ,
Formative
Year
Theatrical
Career
Political
Year
Last Year
1.Formative Year
In this part
describe his family life. He was third son of Thomas and
Frances Sheridan. He was educated at Harrow.
2.Theatrical
year
After his marriage Sheridan turned to the
theatre for a livelihood. His comedy The Rivals opened at Covent Garden
Theatre, London. Some of the play’s success was due to acting of Lawrence
clinch as sir Lucius . Thus in less than a year Sheridan had brought himself to
the forefront of contemporary dramatists.
3.political
Career
Sheridan continued to adapt plays and to
improvise spectacular shows at Drury lane, but as a succession of acting
managers took over the burden of direction his time was increasingly given to
politics. Sheridan who was determined to support emancipation, stood for
election as member from Stafford again in 1812, but he could not pay those who
had previously support him as much they expected and as a result was defeated.
4.last year
8.
Sheridan financial difficulties were largely
brought about his own extravagance and procrastination, as well as by the
destruction of Drury Lane Theatre by fire in February 1809. With the loss of
his parliamentary seat and his income from the theatre, he became a prey to his
many creditors.
In
these four part Sheridan life divided. He was writer of comedy comedies of
manners. His works are very famous.
Colley Cibber
He was born in 6th November, 1671
in London. He was a English actor , theatre Manager, playwright and poet
laureated of England. His notable work,
Love’s Last shift
The fool in
Fashion
An Apology
for the Life of Mr. Colley Cibber
Sir Richard
Steel
He was born
in 1672 , in Dublin Ireland . He was
English essayist, dramatist, journalist, politician and known as a principal
author of the periodicals the Tatler and The Spectator. He was died in 1st
September 1729. His famous works and notable works,
The Tender
Husband
The Lying
Lover
The
Christian Hero
The
Conscious Lovers
The Funeral
Conclusion
The Neoclassical Period in literature brought
a sense of decorum and stability to writers. There were rules to be carefully
followed. It was a time of carefully followed. It was a time of carefully moral
appearance, though appearance were more valued than honesty. However, some
England’s most brilliant literature can be credited to this sea. In this era we
saw a development of drama.
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