Orientalism by Edward said

About Edward said

Edward said was a professor of literature at ‘Colombia University’ a public intellectual and a founder of the academic field of postcolonial studies. As a Cultural critic, said is known for the book Orientalism a critique of the cultural representation that are the bases of orientalism how the western world perceives the orient. The thesis of Orientalism conclude that the west’s knowledge of the orient depicts the cultural of the Eastern world as an irrational, weak and feminized  non- European other, which is the opposite of the west’s representation of western cultural as a rational, strong  and masculine polity.  

What is Orientalism:

Orientalism defined by Edward said, is the western attitude that views eastern societies as exotic, primitive and inferior. Basically, an orientalist mindset centres the western world and views the eastern world as other.   

Book by Edward said

 The book publish in 1978 written by Edward said. In this book Edward talk about orientalism defined as the west’s patronizing representation of “The east” the societies and peoples who inhabit the place of Asia, North Africa and the middle East. As a public intellectual, Edward said debated orientalism with historians and scholar of area studies, notably the Bernard Lewis who describe the thesis of Orientalism as “anti-Western”.

 Different between British and France

Difference between British and France orientalism is that in the American experience from the British and French of orientalism, is that the American orientalism is very politized by the presence of Israel for America is the maially Another conflict with America is Islamic world like Iran and Saudi Arabia because of the oil. And the other factor is anti Islamic.

Stereotype  

Edward said talk about in his interview about the stereotype of the Eastern countries. For the America Eastern countries is terrorist. The media of America  describe them as barbaric in the T.V.  program.       

Israel and Palestine

In the late 19^th century in Israel and Palestine the religious was a big issue. Ottoman Empire ruled over what we now known as Palestine the population. In 1878 the people live there was 87% Muslim, 10% Christians and 3% Jewish. In that time British establish separate institutions for all the religion and make more difficult for all the religion. All three religion co-operate and easier for British to quote divided rule the inhabitation of Palestine.

The Black Prince

 The Blake prince is a 2017 international Historical drama   film directed by ‘Kavi Raz’. In this movie we see the prince “Duleep singh’s” dilemma of the identity . he can’t show his prove as a sikh or Christian. He can’t complete his mother’s wish and also he can’t do his father sat him to do. His last cremation as a sikh. His body can’t bring India. And his family live their life there and no one became a king from his family.          

Thinking Activity: Virginia Woolf's "To The Light House"

Thinking activity : To the Lighthouse 

#About Author
Born on January 25, 1882, Adeline Virginia Stephen was raised in a remarkable household. Her father, Sir Leslie Stephen, was a historian and author, as well as one of the most prominent figures in the golden age of mountaineering. Woolf’s mother, Julia Prinsep Stephen (née Jackson), had been born in India and later served as a model for several Pre-Raphaelite painters. She was also a nurse and wrote a book on the profession. Both of her parents had been married and widowed before marrying each other. Woolf had three full siblings — Thoby, Vanessa and Adrian — and four half-siblings — Laura Makepeace Stephen and George, Gerald and Stella Duckworth. The eight children lived under one roof at 22 Hyde Park Gate, Kensington.  Several years before marrying Leonard, Virginia had begun working on her first novel. The original title was Melymbrosia. After nine years and innumerable drafts, it was released in 1915 as The Voyage Out. Woolf used the book to experiment with several literary tools, including compelling and unusual narrative perspectives, dream-states and free association prose. Two years later, the Woolfs bought a used printing press and established Hogarth Press, their own publishing house operated out of their home, Hogarth House. Virginia and Leonard published some of their writing, as well as the work of Sigmund Freud, Katharine Mansfield and T.S. Eliot. 

1) How can you explain that 'What' Virginia Woolf wanted to say(for example, the complexity of human relationship, the everyday battles that people are at in their relationship with near and dear ones, the struggle of a female artist against the values of middle/upper class society etc) can only be said in the way she has said? (Key: The 'How' of the narrative technique is to be discussed along with features of stream of consciousness technique which helps Woolf to put in effective manner what she experienced in abstraction.)

Yes, very appropriately Woolf used complexity in human relationships like Mr. Ramsay and Mrs. Ramsay. In this relationship we saw the complexity between them. Character of Mrs. Ramsay in that we saw the struggle of the female artists. Mrs.Rmasay do all the work of house but Mr. Ramsay never give credit her. He always point out some things in her work. We see in the dinner scene in food the salt is less that time Mr. Ramsay threw the dish and shouted on her. Many other time Mr. Ramsay do this thing type of things. So we saw this type of the complexity in their rrelationship.

2] Do you agree: "The novel is both the tribute and critique of Mrs. Ramsay"? (Key: Take some clues from the painting of Mrs. Ramsay drawn by Lily Briscoe and the article by Andre Viola and Glenn Pedersen. Can we read Mrs. R in context of the idea of Ideal Indian Woman - Karyeshu dasi, Karaneshu manthri; Bhojeshu Mata, Shayaneshu Rambha; Kshamayeshu dharithri, Roopeshu Lakshmi; Satkarma yukta, Kuladharma pathni. )

Yes, we can say that the novel is both the tribute and critique of Mrs. Ramsay, we see the character of Mrs. Ramsay's from begging of the novel to end of the novel. We can say that the novel is tribute of Mrs. Ramsay. She is "Stewardess" she is honest and the beautiful woman. She take care of the house, her children, her husband and the gguests or other family members. she arrange her house wonderfully. The house example is "The Summer House" she organize all the the Things amazingly. As par Indian culture and the Sanskrit shlok we see all the qualities in Mrs. Ramsay. As a critique Mrs. Ramsay, she don't like the that Lily Briscoe do a painting. She don't want to she draws a picture. Lily's painting complete after the Mrs. Ramsa's Death. Mrs. Ramsay never do those things that she like to do. Her full life she spent on his family. That's why she never do and live her dream.


3] Considering symbolically, does the Lighthouse stand for Mrs. Ramsay or the narrator (Virginia Woolf herself who is categorically represented by Lily)? (Key: Take help from the presentation on Symbolism to connect Mrs. Caroline Ramsay with Lighthouse. Secondly, the narrator/author cannot fully disappear from the novel and thus the stoicism of Lily to paint and thus prove that she can paint is symbolically presented in stoicism of Lighthouse. Read 'lighthouse' symbol from presentation slide with this insight to connect lighthouse with the narrator. Give your concluding remarks in the comment below in this blog )


We explain the symbols of lighthouse  with Mrs. Ramsay. She is the cecentral character of the novel. Lighthouse guide a ship at a sea. Like that Mrs. Ramsay guide her family. Lighthouse is symbol of the one strong pillar like that Mrs. Ramsay pillar of the family. She is strong person in family who tied up the family and live together in the house. In the novel the character Lily reflects some of the point the author Virginia Woolf. Like Lily Virginia Woolf she don't want to do marriage. She wants to life live as a single n live a dream.



4] In the article by Joseph Blotner, two myths are patterned together. Name the myths? How they are zeroed down to the symbols of 'Window' and 'Lighthouse'? How does the male phallic symbol represent feminine Mrs. Ramsay? (Key: The strokes of light-beams. . . )

In this novel we saw the myth of Oedipus.it is see In character of Mr. Ramsay and James. James hhate his father because he don't want to his mother love for his father. Second is the Mrs. Ramsay and her daughter. She saw that Mrs. Ramsay how she pampare James she look all this behind the tree. Second myth is pagan it was in character of Mrs. Ramsay. In myth of pagan Rhea, Demeter and Persephone They all are reflects in the character of Mrs. Ramsay.

5] What do you understand by the German term 'Künstlerroman'? How can you justify that 'To The Lighthouse' is 'Künstlerroman' novel? (Key: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325047/Kunstlerroman)

Kunstlerroman means, "artist's novel" in English, is a narrative about an artist's growth to maturity". In this novel the character of Lily is Reflect this thing. Lily's character is also a struggle with the life and the society. Lily is a  single she don't want to do marriage. She is a painter. But the another character of this novel Mrs. Ramsay don't like that she do a painting. In the Nobel's third part she complet her drawing. Another character is Augustus Carmichael  He is a poet. He also struggle as a poet. In the end he became a successful and famous in their society. This both character Lily and Carmichael successful in their work in end of the novel.


6] "... the wages of obedience is death, and the daughter that reproduces mothering to perfection, including child-bearing, already has on her cheeks the pallor of death. One reminded here of various texts by Lucy Irigaray, in which she attacks mothers for being, however unwillingly, accomplices in the patriarchal system of oppression." (Viola). In light of this remark, explain briefly Lily's dilemma in 'To The Lighthouse'.

Throughout the novel we see a Lily's character she was wander alone.she face many people who are never stand with her and also criticized her. Mrs. Ramsay don't like her because she Do a painting and don't want to do marriage . Lily don't want to marriage because she saw a Mrs. Ramsay and take decision to never do a marriage. She believes in that if she do marriage she can't live life as par her rules she has no need to support of man.

7) You have compared the beginning and the ending of the novel and the film adaptation of the novel directed by Colin Gregg. Do you think that the novel is more poignant than the movie? If yes, do you ascribe the fact that the power of words is much greater than that of the power of words is much greater than that of the screen/visuals?

In opening the movie and novel both different. The novel start with the conversation between Mrs. Ramsay as James and movie start the outdoor scene and the scene it was the coast scene. It was not in the novel saw the opening of the movie and novel both are different.

8] How do you interpret the last line of the novel (It was done; it was finished.
Yes, she thought, laying down her brush in extreme fatigue, I have had my vision.) with reference to the ending of the film (After the final stroke on the canvass with finishing touch, Lily walks inside the house. As she goes ante-chamber, the light and dark shade makes his face play hide-and-seek. She climbs stairs, puts her brush aside, walks through the dark and light to enter her room. Gently closes the door - speaks: "Closed doors, open windows" - lies on the bed and with some sort of satisfaction utters: "Dearest Briscoe, you are a fool".)

Last line of the novel, " it was done; it was finished". This line give a two interpretation. First is in the end James dream come true. They all are reached the lighthouse. From the childhood James wants to go the lightlighthouse it was  become a true IIn the end.  This thing start with the novel and; end with the novel. Second is James wants to his father Mr. Ramsay ppraise him.  He wants to Mr. Ramsay encourage him. But he never do this thing he always shouted on the James. But in the end finally Mr. Ramsay praise his work. In the end Mr. Ramsay praise him and that Time Lily give smile him and try to said this, at last in the eend he got the thing which he wants from the childhood. So the line, "It was done; it was finished" Give to interpretation.


9] What does the catalog named as 'Army and Navy' signify? What does the cutting of 'Refrigerator'  signify?

Army and navy signify the war. And refrigerator is also a  symbol of change, of technology changing and and presumably improving human culture. James is guided in his choice by Mrs. Ramsay and it should, therefore, be associated with her role as preserver and shaper of culture.


10] Why did Virginia give such prominence to the tale of the “Fisherman’s Wife”? In particular, why did she weave such a misogynist tale into the fabric of a book which so eloquently challenges received patriarchal notions about the roles and capabilities of women?

The character of fisherman's wife and Mrs. Ramsay both aare connected with each other. Virginia Woolf use of the fairytale sseems to be ironic. She is subverting misogyny of the fairytale.


11] How is India represented in 'To The Lighthouse'? (Read this blog for  passing reference)


The character of Mrs. Ramsay is represent the India. She is a like a typical Indian house wife she do all the housework and pampered her children and husband's ego and the family. Second is she would like to wear a jewelry like Indian woman. In one scene she wear a chain and she become a very happy. Like 'Bhartiy stree '.

Ode on oneness of literature

Online Discussion: oneness of Literature

The literature is connected with each other. Literature is like for us as a tree. Tree has many branches like that literature spread in many ways. That’s why literature is connected with each other. Literature is part of the life because it reflect our society.

The theory of “Archetypal Criticism” given by the “Northop Frye”. Archetypal criticism is concerned to analyzing a text in concern to the myths and archetypes that could be in the text in the form of description, symbols, image, allusion, references and characteristic. According to Northrop Frye, “Every organized body of knowledge can be learned progressively; and experience shows that there is also something progressive about the learning of literature. He developed the theory of Archetypal criticism based on the idea that whole of the literature has oneness of its existence.

#The line of waste Land by ‘T.S. Eliot’,

  

  And when we were children, staying at the archduke’s,

       My cousin’s, he took me out on a sled, and I was frightened.

 He said, Marie, Marie, hold on tight. And down we went.

      In the mountains, there you feel free.

* Interpretation of Line,

This line presented that the Maria had a fear of the sledding over the mountain. During this time a man who is her cousin he hold her tight. Before she go down she feel fearless and fell free. We see in this line the sexual perversion.

“A Joke”( Nankdi Majak)by ‘Anton chekhov’ is also a same story. In this story the story is same but the characters are changed. This story published in the "Gujarat Samachar".This story written in English but translated in Gujarati. In this story we also saw a sexual perversion.         

Task on ELT : The Role of English in Indian

Hello Friends

# What is English language for you?

 In India English is a second language. For me English is second language. Because in everyday and every work we don’t use English language we use Gujarati language. We use English language in work. We use English in work, in lecture and some of conversation. In India we saw the shortage of English teacher; this is the second reason of the second language.

# What kind of challenges you are Facing and have faced while learning this language?

First it is our second language. It is not our mother tongue. Not use in routine life. We don’t have so much vocabulary in English language for that face the problem. Our medium is not a English. Second is the some lake of the confidence, if we speak or write wrong English that thing.

#write in brief your understanding about any one essay.

Essay 1: “Teaching English as ‘Second Language’ in India” by Kapil Kapoor.

We aware about in India English is a second language. In India people use Hindi more than English . concept of English as ‘second language’ is not a purely pedagogic construct and has to be properly understood in the larger historical social and education context. Indian people use English in their work for Indian people English is a Business language. In present time English is status of the society or people.  And the English decide the grade or the class of the people. Present time is ‘Modernism’ so the English language present the modernism .

#According to you which position English Language should be given?

According to my point of view English ‘second language’. We know that the English is a ‘Foreign Language’. But from my point of view English is second Language because for us our mother tongue is our traditional language. For the Indian people English is a business language.       

Movie review on The Modern Literature

The movie ‘The Great Dictator’ based on the 20^th century. Movie is a 1940 American political Satire comedy-drama film written, director, produced and starring British comedian ‘Charlie Chaplin’. The Great Dictator was popular with audience, becoming Chaplin’s most commercially successful film.

In this film Chaplin in two character one is ‘Hynkel’ and second is ‘Barber’. Hynkel suffering Twenty year in ‘amnesia’. When he came out the amnesia the society is totally changed. When he come back he saw a new society and the situation of the society. When he open his barber shop he saw his shop was full of the dust. When he write his shop name  on the wall; police came and remove that name. he tries two time to write the shop name but every time police came and remove the name. In that time when police came people shut down their shop if they don’t do this police came and sabotage the shop. So when the police came people shut down their shop. This is Chaplin do as a Barber. Chaplin as a Hynkel tries to finance ever-growing military force by borrowing money. For that he tries many thing. He always do all thing in funny way in his all work we saw a laughing thing. We see the every place the statue and all statue’s one hand is up like they give a respect to rural party. In the end Barbara run away from the prison. When he run away from the prison he wear cloth of the Hynkel. And he reached at the Osterlich frontier, where a huge victory parade is waiting to be address by the hynkel. Barbra give a speech in hynkel character. He give a speech ,

“You, the people, have the power to make this life free and beautiful, to make this life a wonderful adventure.

Then, in the name of democracy, let us use that power; let us all unite. Let us fight for a new world, a decent world that will give men a chance to work, that will give youth a future and old age a security. By the promise of these things, brutes have risen to power. But they lie! They do not fulfill that promise. They never will!

Dictators free themselves but they enslave the people! Now let us fight to fulfill that promise! Let us fight to free the world, to do away with national barriers, to do away with greed, with hate and intolerance. Let us fight for a world of reason, a world where science and progress will lead to all men’s happiness. Soldiers! in the name of democracy, let us all unite!”

He give this speech and movie end with the hope.

   

   

Thinking activity on the novel Scarlet Letter and movie Kya Kehana

The scarlet Letter : A Romance  is a work of historical fiction by American author “ Nathanial Hawthorne, published in 1850. The Scarlet Latter was one of the first mass-produced books in America. It was popular when first published and is considered a classic work today.

Kya Kehna movie is a 2000 Indian Hindi drama film directed by Kundan Shah. The film stars preity Zinta as a single teenage mother and Saif Ali Khan as the father, with chandrachur singh, Anupam Kher and farida jalal playing supporting roles.

#What is the role played by society in Hester’s life?

The society plays important role in Heater’s life. When she became a pregnant and don’t want to give a father name of his child but by the society  she forcefully wear a ‘A’. In the puritan time when girl became pregnant before the marriage. According to puritan law by them forcefully that girl wear ‘A’. ‘A’ it was a symbol of the “ADUTERY”.  Society was look her and laugh on her and people go away from her. ‘A’ is a taboo of that time. Society can’t accept her and didn’t support her. She was live alone and face the all problem.

#What is the role played by society in Priya’s life ?

We see the how society play a role with the Hester like her in Priya’s life society paly a vital role. When she became a pregnant with Rahul’s (Saif ali khan) child. He said she abort the child. But Priya don’t want to abort the child she decide to give a birth to the baby. Society look he as a dangerous way and ignore her. No one seat beside her. Every one go away from her. Also Rahul do all this thing he never talk with her and always ignore her. But in Priya’s case her family member stand with her and they support her.

Compare and contrast the male character, Roger Chillingworth, Arthur Dimmesdale, Rahul and Ajay.

Rodger Chillingworth is a not good character. He is lusty man he always wants to the Hester stay with her. He look as a crual man. He never help the Hester when she pregnant. When he return from the England he search the Hester. And when he meet the Hester he saw her with “A”.  he never help the Hester always try to harm her.    Arthur Dimmesdale and Rahul these two character are same. Because they are not ready to accept their child. They both are realize their mistake and After that they ready to accept their child and take responsibility of the child.  Rahul ready to marry with Priya and Arthur confess his love. Ajay is different character from all. He is a friend of Priya and after he knew about the Priya is pregnant he always stand with her and support her. He know that Priya became a mother of the Rahul’s child he ready to marry with har. And take all the responsibility of the baby.

#What are the reasons that Arthur Dimmesdale and Rahul do not come forward to 

accept their fatherhood ? how do you they differ and what are their similarities?

According to my point of view first they don’t wants became a father. They both are never think about that. And the second is society. This society is a bog problem of the life because people think about what society speak about them. In the Priya’s case Rahul is not serious about the Priya. Rahul is a playboy he play with the Priya’s life and cheat with her feelings and love.

#How do you see Hester and Priya as individuals?

In their character we see the power of the women and their ability. They are more power full from the man. They both are the strong and the power-full women. They prove the women are also power full and far batter than the man. They both are face the same problem. They both have to do fight with this “society” .  

#Why do you think director has lifted the character of Ajay to the ideal state? Is it possible in real life? What are the reason of your yes or no?

As par my point of view director put Ajay as ideal state because of the he know about the all the matter and after that he ready to marry with her and and accept the baby. So that’s why director put him on the ideal state. Because the director wants to attract the people by the end because in the end of the movie people belive in that the Rahul is not good man and dislike him and after the Rahul realize his mistake and ready to accept his child.  So the director put Ajay as a Ideal state and put twist in the end. And try to attract the people with the help of this turn. But in real life this thing never happen because the society never accept this thing. Society say to that child about their father’s real identity and ask to that child who is his real father.  So in real life this thing never possible.

       

"The Waste Land" thinking activity

1)      What are your view on the following image after reading ‘The Waste land’? do you think that Eliot is regressive as compared to Nietzche’s view? Or Has Eliot achieved universality of thought by recalling mytho-historical answer to the contemporary malaise?

Eliot is regressive not progressive as compared to Nietzche’s views. Nietzche was a German philosopher, cultural critic, composer and poet. We see the conflict between Eliot and Nietzche. Eliot belive in supernatural power and Nietzche like an atheist. Eliot used various myth in the ‘Waste Land’. Eliot himself given many example of past myths and we have seen that what the problems.

2)      What are your views regarding these comment is it true that giving free vent to the repressed ‘primitive instinct’ lead us to happy and satisfied life? Or do you agree with Eliot’s view that ‘salvation of man lies in the preservation of the cultural tradition?

     

   I agree with that salvation of man lies in the      

       preservation of the cultural tradition. Eliot believe in self control.                 

3)      Write about allusion to the Indian thoughts in “The Waste Land” (where, how and why are the Indian thoughts referred?)

         There are many reference to the Indian spirituality in “The Waste Land”.

   #Shanti Mantra

       Shanti means the peace that passes understanding and the peace of mind.          

       Eliot ends his poem with this mantra and the hope.

# Three Da

1.     Datta

2.     Dayadhvam

3.     Damyata

The first Da ‘Datta’ means “to give”. Second Da ‘Dayadhvam’ means “Sympathise and empathies with other’. And the third Da ‘Damyata” means “Self control, control over one’s passions and desire, abscond the life of senses”.